Madinah is located in the Western Region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on longitudes (39 96 00 - 36 42 39) and latitudes (24 21 00 - 24 36 00). It is about 400 kilometers North of Makkah Al-Mukarramah and is about 150 kilometers East of the Red Sea at about 600 meters above the sea level.

 
 Area:

Madinah is about 589SK out of which 293 square kilometers is urban part. The rest of the area, however, is located outside the urban area and it consists of mountains and valleys and of   slopes of torrents and desert,  agricultural land, cemeteries, highways and arterial network, and other small parts of local roads, in addition to some Government  lands.

 Climate:

The Climate plays an important role in the life style of any society, as the climatic conditions often affect positively or negatively the human activity and social relations. The climatic conditions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have a very distinctive mark due to the high temperatures and the low rate of rainfall.

 
 Temperature:

Madinah climate is dry and is characterized by high temperatures ranging from 28 - 42 degrees Celsius in summer and between 11 - 24 degrees Celsius in winter. The months of June, July and August have the highest  temperatures in the year where the maximum temperature during these months is about 41.8 degrees Celsius, while the temperature reaches its lowest rates during the months of December and January with  an average minimum temperature of about (12.2) degrees Celsius.

Relative Humidity:

The relative humidity at Madinah is low throughout the year except for the periods of the rainfall. The average relative humidity reaches about (22%) and the average relative humidity during the winter months reaches about (35%) while it drops to approximately (14%) during the summer months. 

 Rains:

The amounts of rainfall is affected by both the medium air drop in the winter months and the monsoon during the summer months, and the estimated average annual rainfall on Madinah is about (3.94) mm. The maximum rate of rainfall takes place during the month of April as it reaches about (12.2) mm while the lowest was average was registered in September, where no amount of rainfall was recorded.

 Prevailing Winds:

Generally Madinah is exposed to South Western winds to Western. The average wind speed is about (5 - 8) knots per hour.